![]() 'Superflares' many thousands of times more energetic than the average solar flare have been observed from a variety of stars, but the relatively small number observed on solar-type stars has hitherto precluded a detailed study of them. Solar flares are the most energetic explosions in the solar atmosphere, and similar flares occur on many stars. Planet occurrence within 0.25 AU of solar-type stars from Kepler. Analysis of the first four months of data. Characteristics of planetary candidates observed by Kepler. On the star-magnetosphere interaction of close-in exoplanets. On stellar activity enhancement due to interaction with extrasolar giant planets. The extreme magnetic storm of 1–2 September 1859. Description of a singular appearance seen in the Sun on September 1, 1859. Solar proton events for 450 years: the Carrington event in perspective. On the rotational evolution of solar- and late-type stars, its magnetic origins, and the possibility of stellar gyrochronology. Time scales for CaII emission decay, rotational braking, and lithium depletion. Coronal activity among open cluster stars. Cosmical Magnetic Fields: Their Origin and Their Activity 532–749 (Oxford Univ. ![]() Relations among stellar X-ray emission observed from Einstein, stellar rotation and bolometric luminosity. Rotation, convection, and magnetic activity in lower main-sequence stars. Stellar flare statistics - Physical consequences. Frequency distributions and correlations of solar X-ray flare parameters. Global stellar variability study in the field-of-view of the Kepler satellite. Tokyo Press, 1989)ĭebosscher, J., Blomme, J., Aerts, C. Nonradial Oscillations of Stars 237–255 (Univ. Close Binary Systems 147–261 (Chapman & Hall, 1959) I - Photometry and SPOT models for BY Dra, AU Mic, AR Lac, II Peg and V 711 Tau ( = HR 1099). Rotational modulation and flares on RS CVn and BY Dra-type stars. The Sun as a star: observations of white-light flares. Kepler input catalog: photometric calibration and stellar classification. Kepler mission design, realized photometric performance, and early science. Are superflares on solar analogues caused by extrasolar planets? Astrophys. EXOSAT detection of an X-ray flare from the solar type star π 1 UMa. A Hertzsprung-Russell-like diagram for solar/stellar flares and corona: emission measure versus temperature diagram. Solar-Type Activity in Main-Sequence Stars 191–380 (Springer, 2005) Superflares on ordinary solar-type stars. in Space Weather: The Physics Behind a Slogan (eds Scherer, K., Fichtner, H., Heber, B. It has been proposed that hot Jupiters may be important in the generation of superflares on solar-type stars 7, but none have been discovered around the stars that we have studied, indicating that hot Jupiters associated with superflares are rare.īaker, D. The maximum energy of the flare is not correlated with the stellar rotation period, but the data suggest that superflares occur more frequently on rapidly rotating stars. Quasi-periodic brightness modulations observed in the solar-type stars suggest that they have much larger starspots than does the Sun. Here we report observations of 365 superflares, including some from slowly rotating solar-type stars, from about 83,000 stars observed over 120 days. The small number of superflares observed on solar-type stars has hitherto precluded a detailed study of them. ![]() Similar flares have been observed on many stars, with larger ‘superflares’ seen on a variety of stars 2, 3, some of which are rapidly rotating 4, 5 and some of which are of ordinary solar type 3, 6. They release 10 29 to 10 32 ergs of energy on a timescale of hours 1. Solar flares are caused by the sudden release of magnetic energy stored near sunspots.
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